Nephrology

1. Nocturia is not found in:

2. Metastatic calcification is seen in all of the following organs except:

3. Green urine is seen in:

4. For a definitive diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux, the investigation of choice is:

5. Which of the following can decrease the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors?

6. Gitelman syndrome is the syndrome which has effects on nephron just like the use of:

7. Which is false regarding Berger’s disease?

8. AGN is not characterised by:

9. Recognised feature of minimal change glomerular disease is:

10. The commonest presentation of renal cell carcinoma is:

11. Which of the following is false in nephritic-nephrotic syndrome?

12. ‘Complete’ anuria is found in:

13. Subendothelial dense deposits are found by electron microscopy in:

14. Absolute contraindications of renal transplantation are all except:

15. Which of the following is not a criterion for diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

16. WBC casts in urine are suggestive of all except:

17. Which of the following does not produce red urine?

18. Dehydration should be strictly avoided before performing IVP in:

19. Which is not true in orthostatic proteinuria?

20. Complement C3 is characteristically low in all except:

21. Which is false regarding Goodpasture’s disease?

22. All of the following produce enuresis except:

23. Which of the following is not a guanidino compound?

24. Wilms’ tumour is characterised by all except:

25. All of the following may give rise to RPGN except:

26. The commonest renal lesion in diabetic nephropathy is:

27. In IgA nephropathy, IgA is deposited in:

28. The commonest organism producing acute pyelonephritis is:

29. Fatty cast is often diagnostic of:

30. The commonest cause of renal vein thrombosis in a child is:

31. ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis is seen in:

32. All of the following may be complicated by papillary necrosis except:

33. Which of the following is false regarding Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein?

34. Each kidney contains approximately:

35. Struvite stone is usually a result of urinary infection by:

36. Acute tubular necrosis is found in all except:

37. Peritoneal dialysis may be complicated by all except:

38. Which does not produce ‘sterile pyuria’?

39. IgA nephropathy commonly presents with:

40. Which of the following commonly affects kidneys?

41. Normal urinary osmolality in mOsm/kg of water is approximately:

42. Bartter syndrome is the syndrome which has effects on nephron just like the use of:

43. Anti-tubule basement membrane antibodies may be found in treatment with:

44. In a patient with diabetes mellitus having hypertension, serum creatinine of 3.1 mg/dl and a plasma potassium of 5.8 mEq/L are best treated with which antihypertensive agent?

45. ‘Fruity odour’ in urine is found in:

46. Alport’s syndrome may have:

47. After how many years of onset of type 1 or 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria appears?

48. All of the following drugs may produce nephrotic syndrome except:

49. Heavy proteinuria associated with haematuria is suggestive of:

50. Polyuria is produced by all of the following except: