Nephrology

1. For a definitive diagnosis of vesicoureteric reflux, the investigation of choice is:

2. Renal biopsy is contraindicated in all except:

3. Struvite stone is usually a result of urinary infection by:

4. Recurrent haematuria is not classically seen in:

5. After how many years of onset of type 1 or 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria appears?

6. ‘Fruity odour’ in urine is found in:

7. Which of the following is false in nephritic-nephrotic syndrome?

8. Which of the following is not a cause of ‘sterile pyuria’?

9. Which of the following can decrease the antihypertensive effect of ACE inhibitors?

10. All of the following are associated with hypercalciuria except:

11. All of the following are complications of chronic pyelonephritis except:

12. Isosthenuria is found in:

13. Which does not produce ‘sterile pyuria’?

14. Which of the following does not produce red urine?

15. Which of the following metal is not responsible for the development of nephrotic syndrome?

16. Bartter syndrome is the syndrome which has effects on nephron just like the use of:

17. Absolute contraindications of renal transplantation are all except:

18. Which of the following is not a criterion for diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

19. Hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism is seen in:

20. Recognised feature of minimal change glomerular disease is:

21. All are true regarding renal ischaemia except:

22. The earliest manifestation of minimal lesion nephropathy is:

23. Inheritance of renal glycosuria is:

24. Nocturia is not found in:

25. Bartter’s syndrome should not have:

26. ACE inhibitors are contraindicated in all except:

27. Each kidney contains approximately:

28. Diabetes mellitus complicated by nephrotic syndrome has all the following features except:

29. All of the following may give rise to Fanconi’s syndrome except:

30. Alport’s syndrome may have:

31. Which of the following is not added to urine by tubular secretion?

32. Which of the following certainly diagnoses a renal lump?

33. Heavy proteinuria associated with haematuria is suggestive of:

34. Renal vein thrombosis in adults is seen in:

35. Which is true in prerenal azotaemia?

36. Complications of AGN include all except:

37. Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is not produced as a result of:

38. Radiolucent nephrolithiasis is found in stones composed of:

39. ANCA-positive pauci-immune glomerulonephritis is seen in:

40. Which of the renal stones is radiolucent?

41. The commonest presentation of renal cell carcinoma is:

42. Hyperuricaemia is not a feature of:

43. A child with rickets, nephrocalcinosis, hyperchloraemic acidosis and alkaline urine is suffering from:

44. Prognosis of which of the following is excellent?

45. The medullary cystic disease is not associated with:

46. Normal urinary osmolality in mOsm/kg of water is approximately:

47. All are true in bladder carcinoma except:

48. Haemoptysis associated with renal failure is found in all except:

49. Serum add phosphatase level is increased in all except:

50. ‘Ring shadow’ on IV Pyelography diagnoses: